{"id":3309,"date":"2026-05-14T03:17:23","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T03:17:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sprocket-chain.net\/?p=3309"},"modified":"2026-05-14T03:17:23","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T03:17:23","slug":"rubber-top-and-attachment-chain-functional-surface-modifications-for-conveyor-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sprocket-chain.net\/ar\/rubber-top-and-attachment-chain-functional-surface-modifications-for-conveyor-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a: \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n
\u0623-1 \/ \u0623-2<\/div>\n
\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u00b7 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/div>\n

\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. A-1 = \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u061b A-2 = \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 (A-1) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
SA-1 \/ SA-2<\/div>\n
\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u00b7 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/div>\n

\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 A. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629). SA \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \"\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 A\"\u061b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
K-1 \/ K-2<\/div>\n
\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u00b7 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/div>\n

\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 - \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646. K-1 = \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u061b K-2 = \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
SK-1 \/ SK-2<\/div>\n
\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u00b7 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/div>\n

\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 K. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a ASME B29.1 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a<\/div>\n
\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u00b7 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/div>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/div>\n
\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/div>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (PU) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a (UHMW) \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631: \u0631\u0642\u0645 ANSI \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a (\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 N)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: #60-K2-E2P<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: #60 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u061b K-2 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 (\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0646)\u061b E = \"\u0643\u0644\"\u061b 2 = \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b P = \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 P).<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632<\/th>\n\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n#60<\/td>\nANSI #60\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 19.05 \u0645\u0645<\/td>\n\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642<\/td>\nK2<\/td>\n\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 K\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/td>\n\u0647\u0640<\/td>\n\"\u0643\u0644\" - \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645<\/td>\nE = \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \"EP\" \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064d<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a = 2 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 = 38.1 \u0645\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/td>\nP<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 P)<\/td>\nP = \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639: \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a - \u0641\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0648\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a: \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (E2)\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 38.1 \u0645\u0645. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (E1)\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a E2 \u0623\u0648 E3 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637 E1.<\/div>\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (NR\/NBR)<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (PU)<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n30A\u201380A<\/td>\n50 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 - 95 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \/ \u062d\u062a\u0649 70 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n63D\u201365D (\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 (\u062c\u0627\u0641)<\/td>\n0.6\u20130.9 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649)<\/td>\n0.5\u20130.8<\/td>\n0.1\u20130.2 (\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 - \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 (\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a)<\/td>\n\u062c\u064a\u062f - \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u0646 -40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 +80 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u0646 -30 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 +100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u0646 -200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 +80 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 (\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0629)<\/td>\n\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631)<\/td>\n\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 (\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a - \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/td>\nNBR \u0641\u0642\u0637 (\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n\u0646\u0639\u0645 (\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a)<\/td>\n\u0646\u0639\u0645 (UHMW \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b(+30\u201360%)<\/td>\n\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b(+20\u201345%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a: \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n

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\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639.<\/strong> \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 30 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 300 \u0648400 \u0645\u0645. \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f 40 \u0645\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u064820 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632. \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639.<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644) \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647). \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
  4. \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645.<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h2>\n

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    01<\/div>\n
    \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/div>\n

    \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 ANSI\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \/ \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 304 \/ \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316L). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    02<\/div>\n
    \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/div>\n

    \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 ASME B29.1: A-1\u060c A-2\u060c SA-1\u060c SA-2\u060c K-1\u060c K-2\u060c SK-1\u060c SK-2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f: E1\u060c E2\u060c E3\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    03<\/div>\n
    \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \/ \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \/ \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 (\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631) \/ \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0631. \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644). \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 (\u0645\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0646\u0629 \/ \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \/ \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    04<\/div>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/div>\n

    \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 (E2 \u2192 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b E3 \u2192 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 3) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    05<\/div>\n
    \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/div>\n

    \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NSF H1. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 KOSHA. \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n
    \n\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/summary>\n
    \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASME B29.1 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 5-10% \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
    \n\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/summary>\n
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    \n\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u061f<\/summary>\n
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    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n

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