{"id":3304,"date":"2026-05-14T03:12:24","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T03:12:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sprocket-chain.net\/?p=3304"},"modified":"2026-05-14T03:13:04","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T03:13:04","slug":"cast-iron-vs-steel-sprockets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sprocket-chain.net\/cs\/cast-iron-vs-steel-sprockets\/","title":{"rendered":"Litinov\u00e1 vs. ocelov\u00e1 ozuben\u00e1 kola: Technick\u00e9 argumenty pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich \u2013 a kdy na volb\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Litina<\/div>\n
Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady.
\nSamotlumen\u00ed.
\nK\u0159ehk\u00fd.<\/div>\n

\u0160ed\u00e1 a tv\u00e1rn\u00e1 litina. T\u0159\u00edda AGMA I \/ II. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro aplikace s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi r\u00e1zy a velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm, kde po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed cena ovliv\u0148uje rozhodnut\u00ed o koupi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 a legovan\u00e1 ocel<\/div>\n
Kalen\u00e9.
\nTv\u00e1rn\u00fd.
\nVy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot.<\/div>\n

1045, 4140, 8620. Tvrdost pouzdra HRC 55\u201360 na \u010deln\u00ed plo\u0161e zubu. Po\u017eadov\u00e1no pro r\u00e1zov\u00e1 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, vysokocyklov\u00e9 pohony a jak\u00e9koli aplikace, kde opot\u0159eben\u00ed \u010deln\u00ed plochy zubu ur\u010duje \u017eivotnost.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Litinov\u00e1 vs. ocelov\u00e1 ozuben\u00e1 kola: Technick\u00e9 argumenty pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich \u2013 a kdy na volb\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n
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Krmn\u00e1 tov\u00e1rna v provincii Severn\u00ed \u010cchung\u010dchong zakoupila v roce 2022 litinov\u00e1 ozuben\u00e1 kola pro modernizaci sv\u00e9ho dopravn\u00edku \u2013 byla o 35% levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ocelov\u00fd ekvivalent, dodavatel potvrdil kompatibilitu se st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzem #80 a vedouc\u00ed \u00fadr\u017eby \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b pou\u017eil litinov\u00e1 ozuben\u00e1 kola na stejn\u00e9m typu dopravn\u00edku v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. O osmn\u00e1ct m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pozd\u011bji m\u011bly dv\u011b z dvan\u00e1cti hnac\u00edch pozic zlomeniny zub\u016f ozuben\u00fdch kol. Ne opot\u0159eben\u00ed \u2013 zlomeniny. Zlomen\u00e9 zuby se nach\u00e1zely v m\u00edstech, kde dopravn\u00edk nesl nakl\u00e1dac\u00ed rameno kore\u010dkov\u00e9ho elev\u00e1toru \u2013 v m\u00edst\u011b, kde \u0159et\u011bz dopravn\u00edku za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 chvilkov\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst nap\u011bt\u00ed, kdy\u017e se ka\u017ed\u00e1 kore\u010dkov\u00e1 elev\u00e1torov\u00e1 pln\u00ed p\u0159i zdvihu dol\u016f. Litinov\u00e9 zuby se postupn\u011b l\u00e1maly, jeden hrot zubu na ka\u017edou nakl\u00e1dac\u00ed ud\u00e1lost kore\u010dkov\u00e9 elevace, dokud nechyb\u011blo v\u00edce zub\u016f a \u0159et\u011bz se neuvolnil. Specifikace n\u00e1hrady byla uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 ocel 1045 s cementac\u00ed. B\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 30 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f provozu nedo\u0161lo k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm zlomenin\u00e1m. Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed \u00faspora n\u00e1klad\u016f na litinov\u00e1 ozuben\u00e1 kola 35% st\u00e1la p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b osmin\u00e1sobek jejich hodnoty na v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b a prostoj\u00edch b\u011bhem 18m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Litinov\u00e1 ozuben\u00e1 kola jsou legitimn\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00ed specifikac\u00ed pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 aplikace. Chybou nen\u00ed volba litiny \u2013 je to volba litiny pro aplikace, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed r\u00e1zov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, co\u017e je stav, kdy k\u0159ehk\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed litiny p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed drobn\u00e9 p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zubu na \u00fapln\u00fd lom zubu, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na plastickou deformaci, kter\u00e1 by nastala u oceli.<\/p>\n

\"ozuben\u00e9<\/p>\n

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T\u0159i vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9ho kola<\/h2>\n
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Tvrdost \u010deln\u00ed plochy zubu<\/div>\n
\u2192 ur\u010duje \u017eivotnost<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Tvrdost \u010deln\u00ed plochy zubu ur\u010duje, jak rychle se kladka \u0159et\u011bzu opot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 do profilu zubu \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9ho kola. Tvrd\u0161\u00ed \u010delo zubu se p\u0159i stejn\u00e9m kontaktn\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed kladky opot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 pomaleji. Litina v odl\u00e9van\u00e9m stavu m\u00e1 tvrdost \u010deln\u00ed plochy zubu 160\u2013220 HB (HRC ~0\u201318). Cementa\u010dn\u00ed ocel dosahuje na povrchu zubu tvrdosti HRC 55\u201360 (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 595\u2013746 HB). Rozd\u00edl tvrdosti je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4\u20135:1 \u2013 a m\u00edra opot\u0159eben\u00ed se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b zvy\u0161uje s druhou mocninou pom\u011bru tvrdosti, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zuby z cementa\u010dn\u00ed oceli se opot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed zhruba 1\/16\u20131\/25 rychlosti opot\u0159eben\u00ed zub\u016f z litiny ve stejn\u00e9m pohonu.<\/p>\n

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\u0160ed\u00e1 litina<\/div>\n
160\u2013220 HB<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Cementovan\u00e1 ocel<\/div>\n
HRC 55\u201360<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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R\u00e1zov\u00e1 hou\u017eevnatost<\/div>\n
\u2192 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed odolnost proti n\u00e1raz\u016fm<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0160ed\u00e1 litina m\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nulovou vrubovou r\u00e1zovou hou\u017eevnatost \u2013 mikrostruktura grafitov\u00fdch vlo\u010dek vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed koncentrace nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159i r\u00e1zov\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed jako trhliny. Jedin\u00fd n\u00e1raz zubu nad prahovou hodnotu lomov\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti materi\u00e1lu zp\u016fsob\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9 lomen\u00ed zubu. Uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 ocel (1045, 4140) m\u00e1 hodnoty r\u00e1zov\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti 30\u201380 J (Charpy) \u2013 p\u0159i stejn\u00e9m r\u00e1zov\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se deformuje plasticky, nikoli l\u00e1me. Pro r\u00e1zov\u00e9 aplikace je tento rozd\u00edl ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed: prvn\u00ed n\u00e1raz, kter\u00fd p\u0159et\u00ed\u017e\u00ed litinov\u00fd zub, jej zlom\u00ed; stejn\u00e9 p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ocelov\u00e9ho zubu ho m\u00edrn\u011b deformuje, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zmen\u0161\u00ed geometrie kontaktu, ale funkce se zachov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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\u0160ed\u00e1 litina<\/div>\n
~2\u20134 J<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ocel 1045<\/div>\n
40\u201380 J<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Tlumen\u00ed vibrac\u00ed<\/div>\n
\u2192 reguluje hluk<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0160ed\u00e1 litina m\u00e1 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ocel\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed tlumen\u00ed vibrac\u00ed \u2013 mikrostruktura grafitov\u00fdch vlo\u010dek, kter\u00e1 sni\u017euje hou\u017eevnatost, z\u00e1rove\u0148 zaji\u0161\u0165uje vnit\u0159n\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 rozptyluje energii vibrac\u00ed. Koeficient tlumen\u00ed \u0161ed\u00e9 litiny je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10\u201325\u00d7 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 oceli. V aplikac\u00edch s vysokorychlostn\u00edmi \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fdmi pohony, kde je hluk v z\u00e1b\u011bru v\u00e1le\u010dk\u016f probl\u00e9mem (nap\u0159. pohony obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edch stroj\u016f, dopravn\u00edky s p\u0159\u00edstrojovou technikou, pohony v bl\u00edzkosti p\u0159esn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed), ozuben\u00e1 kola z \u0161ed\u00e9 litiny m\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b sni\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 vibrace a akustick\u00fd hluk ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ocelov\u00fdmi ekvivalenty p\u0159i stejn\u00e9 rychlosti \u0159et\u011bzu.<\/p>\n

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\u0160ed\u00e1 litina<\/div>\n
Vysok\u00e9 tlumen\u00ed<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 ocel<\/div>\n
N\u00edzk\u00e9 tlumen\u00ed<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Protiintuitivn\u00ed: vlastnost, kter\u00e1 d\u011bl\u00e1 z litiny \u0161patnou volbu pro r\u00e1zov\u00e9 aplikace \u2013 jej\u00ed mikrostruktura grafitov\u00fdch vlo\u010dek \u2013 je p\u0159esn\u011b tat\u00e1\u017e vlastnost, kter\u00e1 ji \u010din\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ocel pro tlumen\u00ed vibrac\u00ed.<\/strong> Grafitov\u00e9 vlo\u010dky funguj\u00ed jak jako inici\u00e1tory trhlin p\u0159i r\u00e1zov\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, tak jako tlumi\u010de vibra\u010dn\u00ed energie b\u011bhem ust\u00e1len\u00e9ho provozu. Ozuben\u00e9 kolo z \u0161ed\u00e9 litiny v hladk\u00e9m, vysokorychlostn\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9m pohonu s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi r\u00e1zy bude ti\u0161\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b vibrac\u00ed na sousedn\u00ed konstrukce ne\u017e ocelov\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 kolo. Stejn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 kolo v dopravn\u00edkov\u00e9 aplikaci s ob\u010dasn\u00fdm r\u00e1zov\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm (p\u00e1dy materi\u00e1lu, \u0161ikm\u00e9 spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzu, ud\u00e1losti zaseknut\u00ed a uvoln\u011bn\u00ed) zp\u016fsob\u00ed zlomen\u00ed zub\u016f. V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu u ozuben\u00fdch kol nen\u00ed jen \u201eocel \u200b\u200bje lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u017eelezo\u201c \u2013 vy\u017eaduje ur\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vlastnost (odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, hou\u017eevnatost nebo tlumen\u00ed) ur\u010duje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikaci.<\/div>\n

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Kompletn\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f: Specifikace materi\u00e1l\u016f sedmi ozuben\u00fdch kol<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\nTvrdost zub\u016f<\/th>\nOdolnost proti n\u00e1raz\u016fm<\/th>\n\u017divotnost (relativn\u00ed)<\/th>\nObrobitelnost<\/th>\nCena (relativn\u00ed)<\/th>\nPrim\u00e1rn\u00ed aplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0160ed\u00e1 litina (FC200)<\/td>\n160\u2013200 HB<\/td>\nVelmi n\u00edzk\u00e9<\/td>\n1\u00d7 (referen\u010dn\u00ed)<\/td>\nVynikaj\u00edc\u00ed<\/td>\nNejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed (1,0\u00d7)<\/td>\nLehk\u00fd dopravn\u00edk, n\u00edzkor\u00e1zov\u00e9, vysokorychlostn\u00ed tich\u00e9 pohony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tv\u00e1rn\u00e1 litina (FCD450)<\/td>\n180\u2013240 HB<\/td>\nM\u00edrn\u00fd<\/td>\n1,4\u00d7<\/td>\nDobr\u00fd<\/td>\n1,2\u20131,4\u00d7<\/td>\nM\u00edrn\u00fd \u0161ok, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd, n\u00edzkorychlostn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 ocel C45 \/ 1045 (po obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed)<\/td>\n200\u2013250 HB<\/td>\nVysok\u00fd<\/td>\n1,5\u00d7<\/td>\nDobr\u00fd<\/td>\n1,3\u20131,6\u00d7<\/td>\nStandardn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 pohony, s kluzn\u00fdm otvorem nebo s ku\u017eelov\u00fdm uz\u00e1v\u011brem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1045 \/ C45 cementa\u010dn\u011b kalen\u00e9<\/td>\nPovrch HRC 55\u201360<\/td>\nVysok\u00fd<\/td>\n5\u20138\u00d7<\/td>\nDobr\u00e9 (p\u0159ed ztvrdnut\u00edm)<\/td>\n1,8\u20132,5\u00d7<\/td>\nV\u011bt\u0161ina pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch p\u0159enos\u016f energie \u2013 standardn\u00ed specifikace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Legovan\u00e1 ocel 4140 \/ SCM440 (Q&T)<\/td>\n280\u2013340 HB a\u017e<\/td>\nVelmi vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n3\u20135\u00d7<\/td>\nM\u00edrn\u00fd<\/td>\n2,0\u20133,0\u00d7<\/td>\nVysoce n\u00e1razov\u00e9, t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 dopravn\u00edky, lisovac\u00ed transfer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8620 cementa\u010dn\u011b kalen\u00e9<\/td>\nPovrch HRC 58\u201362<\/td>\nVelmi vysok\u00e1<\/td>\n7\u201312\u00d7<\/td>\nM\u00edrn\u00fd<\/td>\n2,5\u20133,5\u00d7<\/td>\nVysokocyklov\u00e1, p\u0159esn\u00e1 indexace, automobilov\u00e1 p\u0159evodovka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nerezov\u00e1 ocel 304 \/ 316L<\/td>\n170\u2013200 HB (po obroben\u00ed)<\/td>\nM\u00edrn\u00fd<\/td>\n0,3\u20130,5\u00d7 (ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e interval spolehlivosti)<\/td>\nM\u00edrn\u00fd<\/td>\n3\u20135\u00d7<\/td>\nZpracov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin, chemik\u00e1lie, oplachov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 nen\u00ed odoln\u00e9 proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

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Kalen\u00ed zubu: Pro\u010d mus\u00ed b\u00fdt profil zubu kalen po obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed, ne p\u0159ed n\u00edm<\/h2>\n

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Cementace (cementace nebo induk\u010dn\u00ed kalen\u00ed) vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed na povrchu zubu tvrdou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvu (povrch) a z\u00e1rove\u0148 si pod n\u00ed zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 hou\u017eevnat\u00e9 j\u00e1dro s n\u00edzkou tvrdost\u00ed. Tato kombinace \u2013 tvrd\u00fd povrch pro odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, hou\u017eevnat\u00e9 j\u00e1dro pro odolnost proti n\u00e1razu \u2013 je p\u0159esn\u011b to, co vy\u017eaduje kontakt \u0159et\u011bzu s ozuben\u00fdm kolem: povrch zubu mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat opakovan\u00e9mu kontaktn\u00edmu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed od v\u00e1le\u010dk\u016f bez opot\u0159eben\u00ed, zat\u00edmco ko\u0159en zubu mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat ohybov\u00e9mu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed od tahu \u0159et\u011bzu bez zlomen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kritick\u00e1 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed sekvence pro v\u00fdrobu ozuben\u00e9ho kola je: obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed profilu zubu na kone\u010dn\u00e9 rozm\u011bry, n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 cementov\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 lehk\u00e9 dolad\u011bn\u00ed, pouze pokud je to nutn\u00e9 pro p\u0159esnost otvoru. Kalen\u00ed profilu zubu, kter\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b nebyl obroben na kone\u010dn\u00e9 rozm\u011bry, nen\u00ed praktick\u00e9; prokalen\u00ed ozuben\u00e9ho kola p\u0159ed obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00edm zubu ni\u010d\u00ed \u017eivotnost \u0159ezn\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje a vede k nep\u0159esn\u00e9 geometrii zubu. Krok kalen\u00ed mus\u00ed n\u00e1sledovat po obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed profilu zubu.<\/p>\n

Hloubka pouzdra \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fdch kol se pro \u0159et\u011bzy #60\u2013#100 obvykle ud\u00e1v\u00e1 v rozmez\u00ed 0,8\u20131,5 mm. Hloubka men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,8 mm riskuje prora\u017een\u00ed pouzdra u ko\u0159ene zubu, kdy\u017e se zub ohne pod tahem \u0159et\u011bzu. Hloubka v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1,5 mm riskuje k\u0159ehkost cel\u00e9ho pr\u016f\u0159ezu zubu, pokud se hloubka pouzdra bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 25\u2013301 TP3T celkov\u00e9 tlou\u0161\u0165ky zubu. Pro aplikace s vysok\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm je spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem explicitn\u00ed specifikace hloubky pouzdra v objedn\u00e1vce \u2013 nikoli pouze \u201ecementov\u00e1no\u201c.<\/p>\n

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Matice rozhodnut\u00ed o v\u00fdb\u011bru materi\u00e1lu<\/h2>\n
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\u0160edou litinu specifikujte, kdy\u017e:<\/div>\n